Cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for use on Brazilian adolescents.

The present study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for native Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adolescents (DHLI-BrA). Cross-cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: translation, assessment, and adjustments by the expert committee to ensure cultural equivalence; back-translation, and synthesis of back-translations. Cognitive testing was then performed in a pretest with adolescents using cognitive interviews with probing questions on the item's understanding interpretation and response options. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega were used to estimate the instrument's reliability. Forty-two Brazilian adolescents participated in the study (mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 13 to 19 years). Items that were difficult to understand were adapted to the context of Brazilian adolescents. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega for the 21 items of the DHLI-BrA were, respectively, 0.79 and 0.80. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of the self-report instrument was 0.53-0.79 (range), demonstrating good reliability in the total instrument and moderate reliability in the subscales. This study provides the cross-cultural adapted version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which is an instrument for measuring digital Health literacy, for use in Brazilian adolescents (DHLI-BrA).

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for use on Brazilian adolescents

Abstract The present study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for native Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adolescents (DHLI-BrA). Cross-cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: translation, assessment, and adjustments by the expert committee to ensure cultural equivalence; back-translation, and synthesis of back-translations. Cognitive testing was then performed in a pretest with adolescents using cognitive interviews with probing questions on the item's understanding interpretation and response options. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega were used to estimate the instrument's reliability. Forty-two Brazilian adolescents participated in the study (mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 13 to 19 years). Items that were difficult to understand were adapted to the context of Brazilian adolescents. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega for the 21 items of the DHLI-BrA were, respectively, 0.79 and 0.80. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of the self-report instrument was 0.53-0.79 (range), demonstrating good reliability in the total instrument and moderate reliability in the subscales. This study provides the cross-cultural adapted version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which is an instrument for measuring digital Health literacy, for use in Brazilian adolescents (DHLI-BrA).

Resumo O estudo teve o objetivo de adaptar transculturalmente o Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) para adolescentes nativos do idioma português do Brasil (DHLI-BrA). O estudo de adaptação transcultural consistiu nas seguintes etapas: tradução, avaliação e adequação de equivalência cultural da tradução por comitê de especialistas; retrotradução e síntese das retrotraduções. Foi realizada a testagem cognitiva em pré-teste com adolescentes, utilizando-se entrevistas cognitivas com perguntas de sondagem sobre a compreensão e interpretação dos itens e opções de resposta. O alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald's foram utilizados para estimar a confiabilidade do instrumento. Participaram do pré-teste 42 adolescentes brasileiros com média de idade de 16,0 ± 2,0 (variação de 13-19) anos. Os itens com dificuldade de compreensão foram adaptados ao contexto dos adolescentes brasileiros. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e o ômega de McDonald's, para os 21 itens do DHLI-BrA foi respectivamente, 0,79 e 0,80. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para as subescalas do instrumento de autorrelato foi de 0,53-0,79 (variação), demonstrando boa confiabilidade no instrumento total e confiabilidade moderada nas subescalas. Este estudo fornece a versão adaptada transculturalmente do Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), um instrumento de mensuração do letramento digital em saúde, para utilização em adolescentes brasileiros (DHLI-BrA).

Maternal Knowledge of Oral Health During Pregnancy and Childbirth.

OBJECTIVE: This cohort study was to investigate maternal knowledge of the oral health of woman and children during pregnancy and after childbirth, and the associated factors. METHODS: Groups of women participating in a public prenatal dental care programme in Brazil were assessed, in two different stages. In the first stage, pregnant women were assessed for their own oral health. In the second stage, after childbirth, women were assessed for the oral health of their child. The examiner assigned a maternal knowledge score to the questionnaires, considering the ideal alternatives within the context of oral health promotion as correct answers. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests, considering a level of significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women were included in the study, with a mean age 26.27 years (SD 6.51). In the regression analysis, the maternal knowledge score was associated with the presence of myths about oral health (P < 0.01), the children first dental appointment in the first year of life (P = 0.07), the presence of a non-nutritious sucking habit (P < 0.01), considering dental treatment to be important during pregnancy (P < 0.01), and having been instructed on oral health during pregnancy (P < 0.01) and after the children birth (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the women showed a regular score of knowledge about their oral health and that of their children, as they still believed in some myths about oral health and the risks of dental treatment during pregnancy. Women who received guidance on oral health in pregnancy and after birth showed higher knowledge of their oral health and that of their children, demonstrating the importance of carrying out health promotion actions during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life.

Is oral health literacy associated with conceptions of care and behavior related to the prevention of COVID-19?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral health literacy (OHL) on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19. The sample came from two preliminary cross-sectional studies that determined the level of OHL of parents/guardians of six-to-12-year-old children in two major Brazilian cities (Curitiba and Belo Horizonte). Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14) for the evaluation of interactive OHL. Participants were recruited through e-mail, social media, and telephone contact. The questionnaire on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19 was created based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Two hundred nineteen individuals participated in the study. There was no significant difference in socioeconomic and demographic variables and in the medians of BREALD and HeLD-14 between the two cities (P>0.05). Higher levels of functional OHL were associated with an appropriate conception that individual care affects collective care (P=0.038), but with an inappropriate conception of seeking medical assistance in cases of mild symptoms (P=0.030). Higher levels of interactive OHL were related to social distancing behavior in the city of Curitiba (P=0.049) and in the overall sample (P=0.040). It is concluded that functional OHL was associated with two of the investigated conceptions about COVID-19, while interactive OHL was associated with social distancing behavior. These data may suggest that different dimensions of the OHL can have an impact on different aspects of coping with the pandemic.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This manuscript presents a systematic review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. A meta-analysis was made to compare the number of treated/operated HNC patients in the pre-COVID-19 era versus the COVID-19 era. This investigation was based on previous reports showing a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of new cases of cancer during the pandemic. Worsening in cancer prognosis would be expected as a result of the delayed treatments. METHOD AND MATERIALS: An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases. Relevant articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 8,942 HNC patients were included. A higher prevalence in male (1,873) in comparison to female (1,695) was observed considering 3,568 patients. Regarding staging, the majority of cases were stage III to IV. The treatment type more frequently described was surgery. Positive diagnosis for COVID-19 in the pre-oncologic treatment was reported for 242 patients, and for post-oncologic treatment in 119 patients. Mortality by COVID-19 was reported for 27 HNC patients. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly smaller number of surgeries/oncologic treatments of HNC patients performed (2,666) in the COVID-19 era when compared to the pre-COVID-19 era (3,163) (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.00, P = .05). CONCLUSION: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HNC patients occurred mainly in the number of surgeries/oncologic treatments, showing a significantly smaller number of surgeries/oncologic treatments performed in the COVID-19 era rather than the pre-COVID-19 era.

Associations between Anxiety, Depression, Chronic Pain and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Happiness, and Polymorphisms in Adolescents' Genes.

Adolescence is marked by changes and vulnerability to the emergence of psychological problems. This study aimed to investigate associations between anxiety/depression/chronic pain and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)/happiness/polymorphisms in the COMT, HTR2A and FKBP5 genes in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with ninety adolescents 13 to 18 years. Anxiety, depression and chronic pain were evaluated using the RDC/TMD. The Oral Health Impact Profile was used to assess oral OHRQoL. The Subjective Happiness Scale was used to assess happiness. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in COMT (rs165656, rs174675), HTR2A (rs6313, rs4941573) and FKBP5 (rs1360780, rs3800373) were genotyped using the Taqman® method. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Chronic pain and depression were associated with feelings of happiness (p < 0.05). A significant inverse association was found between anxiety and OHRQoL (p = 0.004). The presence of minor allele C of COMT rs174675 was significantly associated with depression (p = 0.040). Brazilian adolescents with depression and chronic pain considers themselves to be less happy than others and those with anxiety are more likely to have a negative impact on OHRQoL. Moreover, the rs174675 variant allele in the COMT gene was associated with depressive symptoms in Brazilian adolescents.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Assess Dental Caries, Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren in the City of Alfenas, Brazil.

Childhood-related obesity and overweight are increasing concerns for the health and well-being of children. Dental caries (decay) is the most prevalent oral disease during childhood, and several studies have suggested that nutritional status and dental caries are associated in children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of childhood overweight/obesity and dental caries in a medium-sized Brazilian city. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 269 children of both genders enrolled in four public schools in the city of Alfenas. The children were clinically examined to assess cavitated dental caries and nutritional status (overweight and obesity). In addition, the GIS was used for the geospatial clustering analyses. A heat map was created by the Kemel method to estimate the concentration of the outcomes. The cavitated dental caries and overweight/obesity were also pointed out by dots on the map. However, of the 269 children, 118 were boys (43.87%) and 151 were girls (56.13%). One hundred fifty-seven children (58.4%) were classified as having "non-cavitated caries," while 112 (41.6%) were classified as having "cavitied caries." In the nutritional status assessment, 204 children (75.84%) were classified as "eutrophic," while 65 children (24.16%) were classified as "overweight/obesity," A geographical correlation of dental caries with overweight/obesity may exist in the northeast and southwest areas. In conclusion, a geographical concordance between the dental caries and the occurrence of overweight/obesity among the schoolchildren from Alfenas may exist in some areas. Future studies are necessary.

Fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal por adultos em hemodiálise / Factors associated with self-rated oral health in adults with hemodialysis

Resumo Introdução Pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica podem apresentar prejuízos em sua saúde bucal em decorrência da própria doença, do tratamento e das alterações de estilo de vida associadas. Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim entre adultos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise. Método Estudo transversal com 243 adultos submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital do sul de Minas Gerais nos anos de 2013 e 2014. O desfecho foi avaliado pelo autorrelato da condição bucal dicotomizada em boa (ótima/boa) e ruim (regular/ruim/péssima). As variáveis independentes incluíram condições sociodemográficas, saúde geral, saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos, a partir de informações coletadas por meio de questionário. A associação entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes foi testada por meio de modelos logísticos múltiplos com inclusão hierarquizada de variáveis. Resultados A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim foi de 35,4%. Os mais jovens (p = 0,015), os que se submetem à hemodiálise há menos tempo (p = 0,016), têm halitose (p <0,001), necessitam de tratamento odontológico (p <0,001) e tiveram a última consulta odontológica por motivo diferente de dor (p = 0,027) expressaram maiores chances de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim, independentemente de condições sociodemográficas e de saúde. Conclusão Condições sociodemográficas, tempo em hemodiálise, agravos à saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos influenciaram a autoavaliação da saúde bucal dos adultos submetidos à hemodiálise.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic renal failure may have their oral health impaired as a result of the disease itself, its treatment, and its associated lifestyle alterations. Objective To assess the factors associated with poor self-rated oral health among adults with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. Method This is a cross-sectional study with 243 adults undergoing hemodialysis in a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil in 2013-2014. The outcome was assessed by the self-report of oral health categorized into good (excellent/good) and bad (fair/bad / very bad). The independent variables included sociodemographic conditions, general health, oral health, and the use of dental services were collected through a structured questionnaire. The association between the outcome and the independent variables was tested using multiple logistic models with hierarchical inclusion of variables. Results The prevalence of poor self-rated oral health was 35.4%. The youngest (p = 0.015), those who have undergone hemodialysis in the shortest time (p = 0.016), have halitosis (p <0.001), need dental treatment (p <0.001), and had their last dental appointment not for pain (p = 0.027) expressed higher odds of poor self-rated oral health, independently of sociodemographic and health conditions. Conclusion Sociodemographic conditions, time on hemodialysis, oral impairments, and use of dental services affected the oral health self-assessment among adults undergoing hemodialysis.

Is oral health literacy associated with conceptions of care and behavior related to the prevention of COVID-19?

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral health literacy (OHL) on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19. The sample came from two preliminary cross-sectional studies that determined the level of OHL of parents/guardians of six-to-12-year-old children in two major Brazilian cities (Curitiba and Belo Horizonte). Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14) for the evaluation of interactive OHL. Participants were recruited through e-mail, social media, and telephone contact. The questionnaire on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19 was created based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Two hundred nineteen individuals participated in the study. There was no significant difference in socioeconomic and demographic variables and in the medians of BREALD and HeLD-14 between the two cities (P>0.05). Higher levels of functional OHL were associated with an appropriate conception that individual care affects collective care (P=0.038), but with an inappropriate conception of seeking medical assistance in cases of mild symptoms (P=0.030). Higher levels of interactive OHL were related to social distancing behavior in the city of Curitiba (P=0.049) and in the overall sample (P=0.040). It is concluded that functional OHL was associated with two of the investigated conceptions about COVID-19, while interactive OHL was associated with social distancing behavior. These data may suggest that different dimensions of the OHL can have an impact on different aspects of coping with the pandemic.

Adaptação transcultural e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas de dois instrumentos de letramento digital em saúde para adolescentes brasileiros: eHealth Literacy Scale e Digital Health Literacy Instrument / Cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of two digital health literacy instruments for brazilian adolescents: eHealth Literacy Scale and Digital Health Literacy Instrument

Com a ampliação do acesso à internet e digitalização dos serviços de saúde, os usuários adolescentes devem apresentar um conjunto de habilidades para seu uso adequado, o chamado Letramento Digital em Saúde (LDS). O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de dois instrumentos de LDS, eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) e Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), para adolescentes brasileiros. O instrumento eHEALS é uma medida de oito itens que mensura a autopercepção relacionada ao LDS. O instrumento DHLI é composto por 21 itens de autorrelato e por sete itens de habilidades que avaliam o desempenho prático do indivíduo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A amostra foi composta por indivíduos de 13 a 19 anos, matriculados em escolas públicas de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Os instrumentos eHEALS e DHLI foram previamente traduzidos e adaptados para adultos brasileiros. Utilizamos as versões brasileiras dos intrumentos e foram realizadas as seguintes etapas metodológicas: comitê de especialistas; retro-tradução; síntese das retrotraduções; avaliação dos autores originais; pré-teste com 42 adolescentes utilizando-se entrevistas cognitivas com perguntas de sondagem e produção da versão final em português direcionada para adolescentes. Um total de 260 adolescentes participaram do teste e responderam aos instrumentos de LDS, eHEALS e DHLI direcionados para adolescentes do Brasil (eHEALS-BrA e DHLI-BrA), aos instrumentos de letramento em saúde, Newest Vital Sign (NVS-BR) e Rapid Estimate Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALMD-20), um instrumento de qualidade de vida, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-bref), e um questionário sociodemográfico, de acesso à internet e uso de eSaúde. Além disso, após 15 dias, 67 adolescentes responderam novamente ao eHEALS-BrA e ao DHLI-BrA. A confiabilidade do instrumento foi testada através da consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach e Ômega de McDonald's) e da confiabilidade teste-reteste. Análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) avaliou a dimensionalidade do instrumento e a validade foi testada pelas associações entre os scores do eHEALS-BrA e DHLI-BrA com as variáveis de interesse (p<0,05). O eHEALS-BrA demonstrou boa confiabilidade interna (α e ω=0,71) e boa estabilidade (ICC=0.82, 95% CI:0,70-0,89). Testes preliminares mostraram que os dados eram adequados para análise dos componentes principais: KMO=0,78 e teste de esfericidade de Barlett (p<0,001). O modelo mais bem ajustado na AFC foi composto por um fator único (χ²=49,884 (p=0,0002), CFI=0,934, TLI=0,908, RMSEA=0,076 e RMSR=0,045). O DHLI-BrA autorrelatado demonstrou confiabilidade interna satisfatória (α e ω = 0,83) e boa estabilidade (ICC=0,906 (IC 95%: 0,75-0,95). Na AFC, o modelo mais bem ajustado foi composto por seis fatores (χ²=229,173 (p=0,0032), CFI=0,944, TLI=0,933, RMSEA=0,035 e RMSR=0,047). O DHLI-BrA baseado em desempenho demonstrou confiabilidade interna satisfatória (α=0,57 e ω =0,58) e boa estabilidade (ICC=0,86; IC 95%: 0,76-0,92). Na AFC o modelo mais bem ajustado foi composto por um fator único (χ²=17,901 (p=0,2113), CFI= 0,952; TLI= 0,927; RMSEA=0,033; RMSR=0,038). Conclui-se que as versões produzidas dos instrumentos eHEALS-BrA e DHLI-BrA demonstraram boas propriedades psicométricas para a mensuração do LDS em adolescentes do Brasil.

With the expansion of internet access and digitization of health services, adolescent users must have a set of skills for their proper use, called Digital Health Literacy (DHL). The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of two DHL instruments, eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) and Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), for Brazilian adolescents. The eHEALS instrument is an eight-item measure that assesses DHL self-perception. The DHLI instrument consists of 21 self-report items and seven skill items that assess the individual's practical performance. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The sample consisted of individuals aged 13 to 19 years, enrolled in public schools in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. The eHEALS and DHLI instruments were previously translated and adapted for Brazilian adults. We used the Brazilian versions of the instruments and the following methodological steps were performed: expert committee; back-translation; synthesis of back-translations; evaluation by original authors; pre-test with 42 adolescents using cognitive interviews with probing questions and production of the final Portuguese version directed at adolescents. A total of 260 adolescents participated in the testing phase and answered DHL instruments, eHEALS and DHLI directed at Brazilian adolescents (eHEALS-BrA and DHLI-BrA), health literacy instruments, Newest Vital Sign (NVS-BR) and Rapid Estimate Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALMD-20), a quality-of-life instrument, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-bref), and a sociodemographic questionnaire, internet access and use of eHealth. In addition, after 15 days, 67 adolescents responded again to eHEALS-BrA and DHLI-BrA. The instrument's reliability was tested through internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) evaluated the instrument's dimensionality and the validity was tested by associations between the eHEALS-BrA and DHLI-BrA scores and variables of interest (p<0.05). eHEALS-BrA demonstrated good internal reliability (α and ω=0.71) and good stability (ICC=0.82, 95% CI:0.70-0.89). Preliminary tests showed that the data were adequate for principal component analysis: KMO=0.78 and Barlett's sphericity test (p<0.001). The best-fitting model in CFA consisted of a single factor (χ²=49.884 (p=0.0002), CFI=0.934, TLI=0.908, RMSEA=0.076, and RMSR=0.045). The self-report items of DHLI-BrA demonstrated satisfactory internal reliability (α and ω = 0.83) and good stability (ICC=0.906 (IC 95%: 0.75-0.95). In CFA, the best-fitting model consisted of six factors (χ²=229.173 (p=0.0032), CFI=0.944, TLI=0.933, RMSEA=0.035, and RMSR=0.047). Performance-based DHLI-BrA demonstrated satisfactory internal reliability (α=0.57e ω =0.58) and good stability (ICC=0.86; IC 95%: 0.76-0.92). In CFA the best-fitting model consisted of a single factor (χ²=17,901 (p=0,2113), CFI= 0,952; TLI= 0,927; RMSEA=0,033; RMSR=0,038). It is concluded that the versions of eHEALS-BrA and DHLI-BrA instruments produced demonstrated good psychometric properties for measuring DHL in Brazilian adolescents.

Genetic polymorphisms in interleukin-6 and interleukin-1-beta were associated with dental caries and gingivitis.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene (rs1800795) and in Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1ß) gene (rs1143627 and rs1143629) with dental caries and gingivitis in Brazilian children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-three children aged 8-11 years were included. Visible biofilm and gingival bleeding were evaluated by Community Periodontal Index. The International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions (ICDAS) was used to investigate dental caries. Real-time PCR evaluated SNPs in the DNA. Chi-square test, haplotype analysis and logistic regression were applied (alpha of 5%). RESULTS: The GG genotype in rs1800795 (IL-6) decreases the risk of gingivitis in a co-dominant model (p = .05; OR = 0.64). The GG genotype in rs1143627 (IL-1ß) reduces the risk of dental caries (Co-dominant model: ICDAS0 versus ICDAS1-6: p = .05; OR = 0.55. ICDAS0-2 versus ICDAS3-6: p = .02; OR = 0.49. Recessive model: ICDAS0 versus ICDAS1-6: p = .005; OR = 0.48. ICDAS0-2 versus ICDAS3-6: p = .004; OR = 0.45. Logistic regression: ICDAS0-2 versus ICDAS3-6: p = .05; OR = 0.24; CI 95%= 0.05-1.00). The GG genotype in rs1143629 was more frequent in ICDAS0 (p = .05; OR: 0.60). In the haplotype analysis, IL-1ß was associated with gingivitis. CONCLUSION: The rs1800795 in IL-6 gene was associated with gingivitis. The rs1143627 and rs1143629 in IL-1ß were associated with dental caries and gingivitis.